Cigarette smoke causes genetic damage within minutes
Stephen S. Hecht and colleagues have pointed out that evidence indicates harmful substances in tobacco smoke termed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs, are one of the culprits in causing lung cancer.
SCIENTISTS HAVE warned that smoking begins to cause genetic damage within minutes-not years-after inhalation into the lungs. It is the first human study to detail the way certain substances in tobacco cause DNA damage linked to cancer.
Until now, however, scientists had not detailed the specific way in which the PAHs in cigarette smoke cause DNA damage in humans.The scientists added a labeled PAH, phenanthrene, to cigarettes and tracked its fate in 12 volunteers who smoked the cigarettes. They found that phenanthrene quickly forms a toxic substance in the blood known to trash DNA, causing mutations that can cause cancer. The smokers developed maximum levels of the substance in a time frame that surprised even the researchers: Just 15-30 minutes after the volunteers finished smoking. Researchers said the effect is so fast that it''s equivalent to injecting the substance directly into the bloodstream. "It is the first to investigate human metabolism of a PAH specifically delivered by inhalation in cigarette smoke, without interference by other sources of exposure such as air pollution or the diet. The results reported here should serve as a stark warning to those who are considering starting to smoke cigarettes," noted the article.The findings were reported in the journal Chemical Research in Toxicology, published by the American Chemical Society.
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