Europe no longer setting example for press freedom
Journalists are not only, still physically threatened in Italy and Spain (44th), but also in the Balkans, especially Croatia (78th), where the owner and marketing director of the weekly Nacional were killed by a bomb on October 23, 2008.
REPORTERS Without Borders have alleged that Europe is no longer an example of press freedom. Issuing the eighth annual world press freedom Index, its secretary-general Jena Francois Julliard said that it is disturbing to see European democracies such as France, Italy and Slovakia fall steadily in the ranking year after year.
According to him, Europe was once an example in press freedom but, several European nations have fallen significantly in this year’s index. Even if the first 13 places are still held by European countries, others such as France (43rd), Slovakia (44th) and Italy (49th) continue their descent, falling eight, 37 and five places respectively. In fact, young democracies in Africa (Mali, South Africa and Ghana) and the western hemisphere (Uruguay and Trinidad and Tobago) are rising on the Index.
Journalists are not only, still physically threatened in Italy and Spain (44th), but also in the Balkans, especially Croatia (78th), where the owner and marketing director of the weekly Nacional were killed by a bomb on October 23, 2008.
The main threat comes from new legislation. Many laws adopted since September 2008 have compromised the work of journalists. One adopted by Slovakia (44th) has introduced the dangerous concept of an automatic right of response and has given the culture minister considerable influence over publications.
Julliard said that press freedom must be defended everywhere in the world with the same energy and the same insistence. Stating that Europe should be setting an example regarding civil liberties, he asked them “How can you condemn human rights violations abroad if you do not behave irreproachably at home”, he asked.
However, he said that the Obama effect has enabled the United States to recover 20 places in the index. The United States has climbed 20 places in the rankings, from 40th to 20th, in just one year. Barack Obama’s election as president and the fact that he has a less hawkish approach than his predecessor have had a lot to do with this.
But, this sharp rise concerns only the state of press freedom within the United States. President Obama may have been awarded the Nobel peace prize, but his country is still fighting two wars. Despite a slight improvement, the attitude of the United States towards the media in Iraq and Afghanistan is worrying. Several journalists were injured or arrested by the US military. One, Ibrahim Jassam, is still being held in Iraq.
But, this sharp rise concerns only the state of press freedom within the United States. President Obama may have been awarded the Nobel peace prize, but his country is still fighting two wars. Despite a slight improvement, the attitude of the United States towards the media in Iraq and Afghanistan is worrying. Several journalists were injured or arrested by the US military. One, Ibrahim Jassam, is still being held in Iraq.
Reporters Without Borders compiles the index every year on the basis of questionnaires that are completed by hundreds of journalists and media experts around the world. This year’s index reflects press freedom violations that took place between September 1, 2008 and August 31, 2009.
Operation Cast Lead, Israel’s military offensive against the Gaza Strip, had an impact on the press. Israel sank 47 places in the index to 93rd position. This nose-dive means it has lost its place at the head of the Middle Eastern countries, falling behind Kuwait (60th), United Arab Emirates (86th) and Lebanon (61st). The country has registered five arrests of journalists, some of them completely illegal and three cases of imprisonment. The military censorship applied to all the media is also posing a threat to journalists.
Externally, it was ranked 150th. The toll of the war was very heavy. Around 20 journalists in the Gaza Strip were injured by the Israeli military forces and three were killed while covering the offensive.
Journalists have suffered more than ever this year in Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s Iran. The president’s disputed re-election plunged the country into a major crisis and fostered regime paranoia about journalists and bloggers. Automatic prior censorship, state surveillance of journalists, mistreatment, journalists forced to flee the country, illegal arrests and imprisonment – such is the state of press freedom this year in Iran.
Already at the lower end of the rankings in previous years, Iran has now reached the gates of the infernal trio at the very bottom – Turkmenistan (173rd), North Korea (174th) and Eritrea (175th) – where the media are so suppressed they are non-existent.
Operation Cast Lead, Israel’s military offensive against the Gaza Strip, had an impact on the press. Israel sank 47 places in the index to 93rd position. This nose-dive means it has lost its place at the head of the Middle Eastern countries, falling behind Kuwait (60th), United Arab Emirates (86th) and Lebanon (61st). The country has registered five arrests of journalists, some of them completely illegal and three cases of imprisonment. The military censorship applied to all the media is also posing a threat to journalists.
Externally, it was ranked 150th. The toll of the war was very heavy. Around 20 journalists in the Gaza Strip were injured by the Israeli military forces and three were killed while covering the offensive.
Journalists have suffered more than ever this year in Mahmoud Ahmadinejad’s Iran. The president’s disputed re-election plunged the country into a major crisis and fostered regime paranoia about journalists and bloggers. Automatic prior censorship, state surveillance of journalists, mistreatment, journalists forced to flee the country, illegal arrests and imprisonment – such is the state of press freedom this year in Iran.
Already at the lower end of the rankings in previous years, Iran has now reached the gates of the infernal trio at the very bottom – Turkmenistan (173rd), North Korea (174th) and Eritrea (175th) – where the media are so suppressed they are non-existent.
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