The extinction risk of climate change is that many species of animals and plants have risk of of becoming extinct due to the effects of global warming. This is more so in case of polar bears and other organisms in Arctic and Antarctic regions of the globe.

Climate change and agriculture are interrelated processes, both of which take place on a global scale. Global warming is projected to have significant impact on conditions affecting agriculture, including temperature, precipitation and glacial erosion. Rising carbon dioxide levels would also have effects, both detrimental and beneficial, on crop yields.

At the same time, agriculture has been shown to produce significant effects on climate change, primarily through the production and release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide but also by altering the earth’s land cover, which can change its ability to absorb or reflect heat and light, thus contributing to irradiative forcing. Land use change such as deforestation and desertification, together with use of fossil fuels, are the major natural sources of carbon dioxide; agriculture itself is the major contributor to increasing methane and nitrous oxide concentrations in earth’s atmosphere.

Production of many crops can be affected by severe drought conditions in several parts of globe. In the last decade, grain production has decreased and it’s still dropping as a result of result in a global climatic change. This shall cause global grain deficit in next 30 years.

The earth’s average temperature has been rising since the late 1970s, In 2002, India and the United States suffered sharp harvest reductions because of record temperatures and drought. Europe also suffered very low rainfall.

Apart from drought (dry spell), global warming would cause an increase in rainfall in some areas, which would lead to an increase of atmospheric humidity and the duration of the wet seasons. Combined with higher temperatures, these could favour the development of fungal diseases. Similarly, because of higher temperatures and humidity, there could be an increased pressure from insects and disease vectors.

The continued retreat of glaciers will have a number of different quantitative impacts. In areas that are heavily dependent on water runoff from glaciers that melt during the warmer summer months. A reduction in runoff will affect the ability of rivers to irrigate crops and will reduce summer stream flows necessary to keep dams and reservoirs replenished.

According to a UN climate report, the Himalayan glaciers that are the principal dry-season water sources of Asia’s biggest rivers - Ganges, Indus and Brahmaputra, would disappear steadily. Similarly due to the melting of huge masses of ice in North Pole and South Pole many seashore cities of Europe, America and small islands will submerge in the oceans.

This will be a great catastrophe to the lives and property in these areas. Scientists also agree that agriculture could be affected by any decrease in stratospheric ozone, which could increase biologically dangerous ultraviolet radiation. The prime culprits behind the global warming are the excessive emission and green house effect. The indiscriminate use of fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, diesel and industrial smoke causes increase in temperature of environment and subsequent shooting up of CO2 levels. The agricultural sector is also responsible for the gas emissions especially methane and land use effects thought to cause climate change.

It is the sheer irony that those who are raising the clamour for sake of global warming threat are none else but the developed nations. The developed countries who are also industrially rich especially USA are themselves greatest contributors to the CO2 emission levels in the world environment. USA is still hoodwinking and shirking from being bona fide signatory to the world agreements on the climatic change, like Kyoto Protocol. Concerted efforts in committed and cohesive manner coupled with systematic approach are the need of the hour. Since the menace is not country-specific but common to mankind, otherwise it will be too late to act.